Nanostructured and layered lithium manganese oxide and method of manufacturing the same

Nanostructured and layered lithium manganese oxide powders and methods of producing same. The powders are represented by the chemical formula, LixMn1-yMyO2, where 0.5<x<1.33, 0?y?0.5 and have an average primary particle diameter from 5 nm to 300 nm, preferably between 5 and 100 nm, and M is at least one cation dopant. The powders can be formed into active cathode materials in Li-ion and Li rechargeable batteries

Implicit Invocation of Device-specific Custom Actions Using a Virtual Assistant

This disclosure describes techniques to augment the built-in grammar of a general-purpose voice-activated virtual assistant with custom commands and actions that are specific to a particular make and model of a device such as an in-vehicle system. The techniques enable the virtual assistant to service implicit commands that make no reference to vehicular make by providing custom, make-specific responses. A single, consistent grammar enables the general-purpose virtual assistant to handle device-specific commands without the user having to provide a query that includes a device-specific invocation phrase

Improving Speech Recognition Quality Using Grammar Training Phrases

When a new voice feature is to be launched on a device with a voice interface, e.g., a digital assistant application, the natural language understanding (NLU) model is built using training data for the new feature. Speech biasing models are typically added to improve recognition accuracy for queries that are specific to the feature or contain non-common words. Such biasing models are often built using traffic logs, collected with user permission, after the initial release of the feature. However, this approach may not provide high speech recognition quality during product testing and initial launch. This disclosure describes techniques to improve the ASR quality of a new feature from the time of initial release and without relying on traffic logs. To that end, speech biasing models are built using grammar training phrases

Techniques to Expand Grammar Pattern Matching

Language understanding is an important aspect of supporting spoken queries on a device. Intensive ML models are unsuitable on resource-constrained devices and in such cases, pattern matching grammar can be utilized. However, pattern matching can have low recall and may be limited in understanding user queries. This disclosure describes the use of normalization, optional/stopwords, synonym clusters, and argument expansion to generate more expansive grammar with limited training data and without the use of machine learning. The use of such a grammar can improve recall while maintaining high precision. The techniques are suitable for any context where grammar patterns are used and where user queries are served by resource-constrained devices

Studying Three Phase Supply in School

The power distribution of nearly all major countries have accepted 3-phase distribution as a standard. With increasing power requirements of instrumentation today even a small physics laboratory requires 3-phase supply. While physics students are given an introduction of this in passing, no experiment work is done with 3-phase supply due to the sheer possibility of accidents while working with such large powers. We believe a conceptual understanding of 3-phase supply would be useful for physics students with hands on experience using a simple circuit that can be assembled even in a high school laboratorys

Nanostructured MnO2-Based Cathodes for Li-Ion/Polymer Cells

Nanostructured MnO2-based cathodes for Li-ion/polymer electrochemical cells have been investigated in a continuing effort to develop safe, high-energy-density, reliable, low-toxicity, rechargeable batteries for a variety of applications in NASA programs and in mass-produced commercial electronic equipment. Whereas the energy densities of state-of-the-art lithium-ion/polymer batteries range from 150 to 175 W h/kg, the goal of this effort is to increase the typical energy density to about 250 W h/kg. It is also expected that an incidental benefit of this effort will be increases in power densities because the distances over which Li ions must diffuse through nanostructured cathode materials are smaller than those through solid bulk cathode materials

Inner Tapered Tree-Shaped Ultra-Wideband Fractal Antenna with Polarization Diversity

A coplanar waveguide (CPW)-fed third iteration inner tapered tree-shaped ultra-wideband (UWB) fractal antenna for polarization diversity applications is presented. The antenna comprises of two orthogonal fractal antenna structures to achieve polarization diversity performance across the frequency spectrum of 4.7–19.4 GHz. An isolation of more than 15 dB is accomplished. The designed antenna has a nearly omnidirectional radiation pattern with an average gain of 2.45 dB, very low values of envelope correlation coefficient and capacity loss, nearly constant diversity gain (DG) and mean effective gain (MEG) values. The time domain analysis results illustrated the low dispersion in the radiated pulse. The designed antenna has advantages of wider bandwidth and miniaturized dimensions along with good diversity performance. These advantages make the designed antenna a promising candidate for future wireless communication systems having multipath fading as a major concern

Method of Making Fine Lithium Iron Phosphate/Carbon-Based Powders with an Olivine Type Structure

Processes for producing fine LiFePO.sub.4/C and nanostructured LiFe.sub.xM.sub.1-xPO.sub.4/C composite powders, where 1.ltoreq.x.ltoreq.0.1 and M is a metal cation. Electrodes made of either nanostructured LiFe.sub.xM.sub.1-xPO.sub.4 powders or nanostructured LiFe.sub.xM.sub.1-xPO.sub.4/C composite powders exhibit excellent electrochemical properties. That will provide high power density, low cost and environmentally friendly rechargeable Li-ion batteries